Francesca Biagini studied mathematics in 1996 at the University of Pisa and at Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, where she completed a doctorate in 2001 with the dissertation Quadratic hedging approach for interest rate models with stochastic volatility supervised by Maurizio Pratelli.
She worked as an assistant professor at the University of Bologna from 1999 to 2005, when she moved to Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich as an associate professor. After declining an offer to become a chaired professor at the University of Hannover in 2008, she was given a chair as full professor of applied mathematics at the University of Munich in 2009.
She became vice president for international affairs and diversity at the University of Munich, and is president of the Bachelier Finance Society for the 20202021 term.